Sunday, 22 March 2015

Evaluation



With this project I first found it hard to sum up a subject within five hundred words, even when looking at only particular aspects of a subject I felt as it was only looked over briefly. The topics given to us felt quite broad, and while this was a great opportunity to explore themes in some of the topics, I sometimes found it hard to focus in initially and plan a structure of what themes I wanted to write about.
Though I feel that with the particular media I was analysing having only the ability to write and present images may have bogged down the essay too much with explanations of what was happening. While you may be able to afford give explanations in a larger essay in five hundred words it feels like there has to be a lot of compromise with what you say. I feel that in the essay format my analysis skills could not reach their full potential with just images, and It may have benefited if I had used gifs to explain movements better, or even used video elements as it would of allowed a clearer and more concise explanations and would of opened up deeper details such as explorations of characters posture.
 I initially found the referencing process hard but I feel my biggest problem with the project was finding sources on some of the subjects I covered as a majority of the things I looked at led to relatively unprofessional sources and I may have ended up relying on one to two core websites for my bibliography. As well as some of the works I looked at where not always given proper citation when I was adding them to my bibliography leading me to having me hunt around for the proper sources
The topics that I chose I am both experienced in inexperienced with, I would generally know where to go with the topics however I have taken more things into consideration now with character design in both human and animal respects which I hope to apply to my work in the future and not only character design but character creation in the gender and visual bias essay I felt that questioning character motivations was a good practice.

I feel if I were to tackle the process again I would make all four of the projects more homogenous in that way I could reference a more in depth pool of subjects than four smaller and largely different ones. Although I found the process challenging I feel as if my overall knowledge has grown and skills have expanded from this experience and I can easily apply what I’ve learnt through my work. I feel I would benefit from this type of exercise again but perhaps more focused in on one particular subject so it can be explored more thoroughly.

Visual languages, Codes and Constraints



In this essay I will be looking at how “Rubber hose” animation also known as Inkblot cartoon style was made by the constraints of its time and how rubber hose animation visual coding had its renaissance in the 90’s with the availability of cheaper animation processes
First we must know the visual language of Rubber hose animation:
The beginnings of rubber hose animation started around 1920s as animation in the American market was fairly new, animation teams where fairly small and artists needed cost effective ways to create animation.[1] Rubber hose animation is characterized by simplified character designs with the current constraints of a monochrome colour pallet, usually characters would be anthropomorphic animals where muzzles would be white and we were given the outline of the eyes and the mass majority of the rest of the body would be white bar clothing like gloves, skirts and pants, and shoes so that we can easily identify what body part is what. Rubber hose animation greatly employs ideas of squash and stretch animation [2] where bodies are boneless, extenuating their movements and thus creating the idea they are made out of rubber. With these constraints objects being warped and stretched became a basis for visual humour. [3]
  


An early Felix the cat as Mr.Tom in Feline follies [4] [top] Oswald the lucky rabbit in Trolley troubles [bottom] [5]
This kind of Visual language continued on into the 40’s most famously used by the Warner Bros with the Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes as rubber hose animation slid out of style became more of a stylistic choice to communicate character personality and continued on as a basis for visual gags often extenuating the slapstick style of warner brother’s animation.[6] Although the animations where now produced in colour there was still elements of older character design choices like gloves. [7]


I haven’t got a hat [8] [top] A wild hare [9] [bottom]
While Major Cartoon studios continued to repackage cartoons for television throughout the 70’s and 80’s Warner brothers started to take cues from their previous animations with the creation of Tiny Toon adventures and Animaniacs.
 



The cast of Tiny toon adventures [10] [top] the main characters of Animaniacs [11] [bottom]
While Tiny Toon Adventures drew more upon the colour animations of the late-30’s and 40’s there is a direct influence of older 20’s rubber hose animation within the main characters of Animaniacs down to character design elements of having a black and white body base but having a white muzzle, gloves and white feet. [12]

More modern day examples of this animation culture would be Adventure time:
 


Jake the dog on the right. [13]
 Although the majority of the main character design has the basic elements of rubber hose anatomy [14] the character of Jake the dog exemplifies this due to his Power to Transform his body at will taking many aspects of the visual comedy that where introduced in rubber hose animation often taken to extremes. [15]

Referances:
[1]Wikipedia
[2] Tv tropes: The twelve principles of animation
[3] Tv tropes: Inkblot cartoon style
[4] Messmer, O
[5] Disney, W
[6] Tv tropes: Inkblot cartoon style
[7] Tv tropes: White gloves.
[8] Freleng, I
[9] Avery, F
[10] Wander Bros. Television
[11] Fox Broadcasting Company
[12] Tv tropes: Inkblot cartoon style
[13] Cartoon network Studios
[14] Tv tropes: Rubber hose limbs
[15] Tv tropes: The twelve principles of animation

Bibliography:
A wild Hare. 1940. [Animated Short] Avery, F. dir. USA: Warner Bros. Pictures
 Adventure time. 2010. Cartoon network Studios. [no date]
 Animaniacs. 1993. Wander Bros. Television. [no date]
Feline Follies. 1919.[Animated short]. Messmer, O. Dir.  USA:  Sullivan,p.
 I haven’t got a hat. 1935.[Animated Short] Freleng, I. Dir. USA: Warner Bros. Pictures
tiny toon adventures. 1990. Fox Broadcasting Company. [no date]
Trolley Troubles. 1927. [Animated short] Disney, W. Dir. USA: Universal Pictures
TV tropes. 2015. White gloves.[Online]. [Accessed 21 march] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/WhiteGloves
TV tropes. 2015.Inkblot cartoon style.[Online]. [Accessed 21 march] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/InkblotCartoonStyle
TV tropes. 2015. Rubber hose limbs.[Online]. [Accessed 21 march] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/RubberHoseLimbs
TV tropes. 2015. The twelve principles of animation.[Online]. [Accessed 21 march] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/TheTwelvePrinciplesOfAnimation
Wikipedia. [no date]. Rubber hose animation.[Online]. [Accessed 21 march 2015]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_hose_animation

Anthropomorphism



Anthropomorphism
This essay will be analysing female anthropomorphism within the Disney Company. The first instances of female Anthropomorphism is through the Disney classic shorts starting in 1928



Minnie mouse’s debut in plane Crazy [1] [top] and her in Steamboat Willie [2] [bottom]


Minnie mouse shares the same kind of level of anthropomorphism that her counterpart micky mouse does [3], the way we gender those characters is more from tertiary sexual characteristics such as noticeable eyelashes and clothing such as skirts, flowers and high heels to suggest femininity. [4]
This idea this idea of anthro where Characters would keep most animalistic features and body types and the only shift would be that they wear clothing, bipedal and can talk would set them apart from regular animals would continue on into the 70’s  [5]


Daisy ducks Debut in Mr duck steps out [6] [top] and Clarabelle Cow in Symphony hour [bottom] [7]

There is a divide between Anthro in short films and feature length film as films such as films like Bambi and the aristocats treating animal characters for the majority of the film as animals, making them walk on all fours. [8] In Bambi there is a great reliance on voice and tertiary sex characteristics like eyelashes, blush and eyeshadow, [9] it also employs the trope in media Female characters will wear softer lighter colour pallets. [10]


Thumper and bambi surrounded by thumpers sisters [top] Thumpers love interest [bottom] [11]
In the Aristocrats we can see that the character marie’s body type is very much the same to her brothers body shape she is only seen as female because she has a similar fur colour to her mother so we can easily connect the two together and that she is wearing pink bows.[12] While duchess tries to communicate femininity with her blue eyes [13] and necklace like collar.

Marie with her brothers [top] Duchess and Marie [bottom] [14]
We can see a direct shift in anthropomorphism in the mid-80’s with the creation Disney television animation:


Miss kitty mouse from the great mouse detective.[15] [top] Gadget from chip and dale rescue rangers. [bottom] [16]
Here we can see that Female anthrophomorphisism leans more towards human anatomy where male anatomy largly stays the same.[17] They are seperated with the inclusion of breasts and an hourglass figure [18]  and long hair.[19] Animation becomes constrained as females are more jointed while males have more simplifyed animal anatomy. 

Referances:
[1] Disney, W
[2] Disney, W
[3] Tv tropes: Sliding Scale of Anthropomorphism
[4] Tv tropes:  Tertiary sexual characteristics
[5] Tv tropes: Sliding Scale of Anthropomorphism
[6] Disney, W
[7] Disney, W
[8] Tv tropes: Sliding Scale of Anthropomorphism
[9] Tv tropes:  Tertiary sexual characteristics
[10]Tv Tropes: Pale females dark males
[11] Hand, d
[12] TV tropes: Pink means Feminine.
[13] Tv Tropes: True blue femininity
[14] Reitherman, w
[15] Clements, R
[16] Buena Vista Television
[17] Tv tropes: Sliding Scale of Anthropomorphism
[18] Tv tropes:  Humanoid female animal
[19] Tv tropes: Furry female mane
[20] Tv tropes: Sliding Scale of Anthropomorphism

Bibliography:
Aristocats, The. 1970. [film] Reitherman, w. Dir. USA: walt Disney productions.
Bambi.1942. [Film] Hand,d. dir. USA : Walt Disney productions.
Chip ‘n dale Rescue Rangers.[Animated TV series]. Buena Vista Television. [no date].
Great mouse detective, The. 1986. Clements, R, et al. Dir. USA: Walt Disney productions.
 Mr.duck steps out. 1940. [Animated  short]. Disney, w. dir. USA: RKO Radio pictures.
Plane crazy.  1929. [Animated short]. Disney, w. dir. USA:  Celebrity productions.
Tv Tropes. 2015. Furry female mane. [Online].  [Acessed 21 march 2015] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/FurryFemaleMane
Tv Tropes. 2015. Humoid female animal. [Online].  [Acessed 21 march 2015] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/HumanoidFemaleAnimal
Tv Tropes. 2015. Non-mammal mammaries. [Online].  [Acessed 21 march 2015] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/NonMammalMammaries
Tv Tropes. 2015. Pale females dark males. [Online].  [Acessed 21 march 2015] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/PaleFemalesDarkMales
Tv Tropes. 2015. Pink means Feminine. [Online].  [Acessed 21 march 2015] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/PinkMeansFeminine
Tv Tropes. 2015. Sliding scale of anthropomorphism. [Online].  [Acessed 21 march 2015] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/SlidingScaleOfAnthropomorphism
Tv Tropes. 2015. Tertiary sexual characteristics. [Online].  [Acessed 21 march 2015] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/TertiarySexualCharacteristics
Tv Tropes. 2015. True blue femininity. [Online].  [Acessed 21 march 2015] Available from: http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/TrueBlueFemininity
Steamboat Willie. 1928. [Animated short]. Disney, w. dir. USA: Celebrity productions.
Symphony hour. 1942. [Animated  short]. Disney, w. dir. USA: RKO Radio pictures.

Gender and Bias within visual media



Gingiva [1] is a surreal indie game made by John Clowder while it largely focuses of anti-capitalist ideals unlike its predecessor Middens where the playable character is male; Gingiva has overt Feminist overtones stemming from the female main protagonist that shares the title name. You can see at the start of the game that Gingiva has a human female body over from the neck up she is a turnkey.


[top] Gingiva’s introduction [bottom] Gingiva (bottom, right most figure) and her workmates
A process advertised in the game for when “your Daughter is possessed of an unnatural mind” sending them to a government correctional facility, their head is severed and a “head key” is grafted in its place in order to stop “sentimental thought” and become more productive in factory work, being a literal interpretation of Instrumentality. [2]

An in game advertisement for the correctional facility

Gingiva is put into confinement when she makes too many defective goods where she meets a pair of disembodied teeth called chatterbox that harks back to older government procedure where before heads where removed only the mouth was and some survive to spread the word, this adding to the allegory of objectification of women. [3]
Gingiva’s [4] setting could be considered a surrealist equivalent to a sweat shop based in asia as she contemplates the factory she lives in:
Gingiva contemplating her workplace while she is in confinement
“Women migrant workers, who are primarily employed in factories, rarely get maternity leave, and with no childcare facilities and working weeks of more than 70 hours … In 2009 alone, approximately one million workers were injured at work and about 20,000 suffered from diseases due to their occupation.” [5]

Patriarchal ideas are often put into plain view as boss characters ask to marry Gingiva, marriage resulting in years passing and gingiva levelling down or rejection causing the boss fights to happen. This behaviour a hyperbolic example of Street harassment.
“when women walk by one or a group of men who yell out comments about their physical appearance, “Damn, girl! Look at them sexy legs!” … When women don’t respond to the “compliments” many of them are then attacked for being “stuck up” and the label “bitch” is frequently thrown out when a woman’s behavior doesn’t meet the man’s expectations.” [6]
 

Top line: Marriage proposal. Middle line: Gingiva’s married life. Bottom line: Rejection of the marriage proposal
Concepts of motherhood are explored briefly with vending machines relating to Gingiva’s [7] Capitalist world settings as vending machines not only sell children but cigarettes relating the ability to raise a child to a bad habit that can only be kept up with enough money.

Children being sold in vending machines
However despite what is presented in the game it presented with a certain amount of apathy and themes are often not explored further than face value nor do we see gingiva’s character developing. Although her main drive throughout the game is to reclaim her head she is treated largely as a silent protagonist.
“His games are suffused with big ideas, yet none of they are lingered on, and the closer you seem to get to them the less substantial they appear” [8]
Gingiva presents itself as a social commentary on capitalist society from an impoverished female perspective, not many games or any type of media. While Gingiva as whole may fall short sometimes, it has bluntness about its social commentary that cannot be easily explained ignored.


References
[1] Gingiva
[2] wikipedia
[3] Wikipedia
[4] Gingiva
[5] war on want
[6] Maxwell, Z
[7] Gingiva
[8] Thornon, E


Bibliography
Gingiva. 2013. PC [Game]. John Clowder: Isle of man
Maxwell, Z. 2013. Street harassment catcalling and rape culture. [Online.] 10 April. (Accessed 20 march]  Available from: http://www.ebony.com/news-views/street-harassment-catcalling-rape-culture-476#.VQwTIuE2V8g
War on Want. [no date.] Sweatshops in China. [Online.] [Accessed 20 march] Available from: http://www.waronwant.org/overseas-work/sweatshops-and-plantations/china-sweatshops
Wikipedia. 2015. Objectification. [Online.] [Accessed 20 march 2015] Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectification
Thornton, E. 2013. Gingiva – Beware the Sphincter lamas. [Online.]  [Accessed 20 march] Available from: http://killstreakmedia.com/2013/10/12/gingiva-beware-the-sphincter-lamas/